CHIANTI TRAIL ULTRA RACE RULES

1 ORGANISATION

The organizing committee is composed of the representatives of:

CHIANTI LIVE, in Viale XX Settembre, 17, Radda in Chianti, Italia, travel agency and T.O

ASD CHIANTI SPORTS, UISP sport association.

Patronage of Radda in Chianti Municipality.

APPROVAL of Lega Atletica Leggera UISP di Siena

2 RULES

The three races scheduled will take place in accordance with the provisions of these rules and all the updates that appear on the event website www.chiantitiultratrail.comand/or on the page facebook of the event.

2.1 ACCEPTANCE OF THE RULES

By subscribing to the Chianti Ultra Trail event, each competitor states completely and unequivocally that:

-He/she wishes to participate in one of the Chianti Ultra trail Races, Marathon Trail o Short Trail and/or to the non-competitive Walk&Run

- he/she has read, accepts and observes the rules of the Chianti Ultra Trail races in all their parts,

- he/she is aware that the participation in sporting events, even those that are not competitive, is potentially an activity that poses risks if one is not suitable prepared in terms of his/her physical and mental condition;
- he/she is, therefore, in a suitable health and physical condition to participate in the aforementioned event, as well as being suitably prepared in consideration of the length and specific features of the Chianti Ultra Trail Races, for which he/she has assessed the route, type of terrain and elevation profile, available on the website www.chiantiultratrail.com

- that he/she wishes to assume all risks arising from participation in the races, also arising from falls or contacts with other participants or other; that he/she has acquired, before the race, a real ability to be personally autonomous in the mountains so that he/she can appropriately handle any problems connected to this type of test (for example, knowing how to deal with, alone and without help, climatic conditions that may become difficult due to the altitude, wind, cold, fog, rain or snow, and he/she is able to manage, even if isolated, the physical or psychological problems caused by tiredness, gastrointestinal problems, muscular/joint pains, small injuries); or any other risk, however, well known and assessed by him/herself;

- he/she that accepts and respects any decision taken by the organisers at any time;
- that he/she undertakes to use all personal or collective protection equipment necessary for participation in the races and that he/she is aware of the need to have/keep with him/herself all the obligatory material envisaged therein; before the competition he/she will, in any case, assess whether such material is sufficient for his/her personal safety, taking into account his/her condition and needs as well as the weather conditions forecast for the day of the competition;

- that he/she is aware that each decision and action adopted by him/herself during the course of the competition will be his/her personal choice and action, for which he/she assumes each and exclusive responsibility;
- that he/she consequently relieves, by signing this declaration, the organisation and its governing/executive bodies, from any liability that in any case may arise as a consequence of his/her participation in the Chianti Ultra Trail competition for any damage suffered by him/herself or that has occurred to third parties while participating in the same;

- that he/she undertakes to behave in a respectful manner towards people and the environment and in particular:
• to not use doping substances and wrongly self-medicate, informing the organisation in advance of in the event of medical prescriptions for treatment purposes;

to not exceed limits, so as not to compromise his/her physical and mental health;
to not throw anything on the ground;
• to remain on the paths to protect the flora;
• to respect the fauna, avoiding in particular shouting and loud noises;
to strictly observe the rules of the nature reserves;to respect the Highway Code in each section of the course that crosses roads.

As far as not covered by this regulation, the rules are valid UISP and IUTA of Ultra Trail.

3 THE RACES

Chianti Trail Ultra competition involves 3 running races that begin in a natural hills environment in the context of Radda in Chianti. Altimetric dimensions of the Ultra route track will be between 306 m and 914 m. The distances are 15 km of the short trail, 42 km for the Mataton Trail, 73 km for the Ultra Trail

3.1 Chianti Ultra Trail - CUT

Chianti Ultra Trail , hereinafter referred to as CUT
73,4 km with 2700 metres approx. elevation gain, in semi-autonomy, with departure from Radda in Chianti (SI) at 06:00 am on Saturday 20st of March 2021 and a maximum travel time of 14 hours.
CUT envisages 5 checkpoints and mandatory equipment.

All information connected to the dates and time of the race office, official briefing and other details regarding the race will be communicated by the official information organisations, web page of the race and facebook page.

3.2 Chianti Trail - CMT

Chianti MaratonTrail, hereinafter referred to as CMT, 42,7 km with 1400 metres approx. elevation gain, in semi-autonomy, with departure from Radda in Chianti (SI) at 08:00 am on Saturday 20st March 2021 and a maximum time of 8,5 hours.
CMT envisages 3 checkpoints and mandatory equipment.

3.3 Chianti Short Trail - CHT

Chianti Short Trail, hereinafter referred to as CHT, 20 km with 800 metres approx. elevation gain, in semi-autonomy with departure from Radda in Chianti (SI) at 08:15 on Saturday 20st of March 2021 and a maximum time of 4 hours.
Chianti Short Trail envisages checkpoints and mandatory equipment.

3.4 Chianti Short Trail - CST

Chianti Short Trail, hereinafter referred to as CST, 15 km with 550 metres approx. elevation gain, in semi-autonomy with departure from Radda in Chianti (SI) at 08:30 on Saturday 20st of March 2021 and a maximum time of 3 hours.
Chianti Short Trail envisages checkpoints and mandatory equipment.

3.5 Chianti Walk Run Nordik Walking - CWR

Chianti Walk Run Uncompetitive, hereinafter referred to as CWR, 15 km with 550 metres approx. elevation gain, in semi-autonomy with departure from Radda in Chianti (SI) at 08:30 on Saturday 20st of March 2021 and a maximum time of 4 hours.

3.6 Chianti KIDS RUN

Chianti Kids Run Uncompetitive, hereinafter referred to as KIDS RUN, for all kids form 5 to 14 years old, will start from Francesco Ferrucci square at Radda in Chianti from 3:30 PM
Are provided different distance for this categories:

Years 2006-2007-2008

Years 2009-2010-2011

Years 2012-2013-2014-2015-2016

3.7 DETAILS OF THE CHECKPOINTS, MAPS AND ALTITUDE CHARTS

Digital maps of the race area, altitude charts, list of refreshment points and description of the races, are available on the website www.chiantiultratrail.com. This documenti is subject to changes that will be comunicated in any case through the official bodies.

4 GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PARTICIPATION

The races are open to all those aged 18 and over on the date of the race, who are in possession of a sports medical certificate of fitness to take part in competitive activity (for Italian athletes Italian Ministerial Decree 18.02.1982 tab. B), valid on the date of the race and recognised by the country of residence, regardless of whether or the participants belong to sports societies or federations. not

Only certificates issued for competitive sporting participation of will be deemed valid.

Athletics – Cod. S.12 (for Italy). Will not be considered valid certificates issued for other competitive disciplines (skiing, football, cycling, triathlon etc ...). Those in possession of the unsuitable certificate may request conversion from their medical center.

For athletes of foreign nationality who cannot provide the medical certificate can have their doctor fill out the health form available on the registration page.

The medical certificate with a valid date for the races must reach us before March 15th 2020 by e-mail (iscrizioni@chiantiultratrail.com). or loading it on ENDU platform.

Each person registered in races must also make a personal self-assessment aimed at taking into consideration:

the athlete must take note of the length and particularity of the test and be aware that his participation requires a high physical preparation necessary to overcome situations that require great capacity for personal physical and psychological autonomy
the real capacity for autonomy in a demanding mountain hilly woodland environment
his/her actual ability to manage any physical or psychological problems associated to the competition;
that the organisation will obviously be prepared to handle emergency situations, but that it will, however, take action against the participant whenever his/her behaviour is due to a lack of preparation or negligence.
in the event that it becomes necessary to activate emergency assistance ( 118), including any helicopter, the costs arising from the intervention of structures outside those of the organization, both before, during and after will be charged to the athlete and cannot be attributed to the organization itself. Rescue work in Italy helicopter is subject to a fee and is fully charged to the participating athlete

Are not allowed to take part in the races athletes in wheelchairs, as well as athletes with roller skates, skateboards, bicycles, strollers or with pets, except in exceptional cases authorized by the organization.

4.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTICIPATION IN CUT

CUT is a particularly selective trajectory already in optimum weather and visibility conditions, and becomes even more so in bad weather: the abrasion of the territory and some particularly technical, exposed and isolated traits, require the organization to enter criteria for Participation in the event until the start of the race.Therefore it is mandatory for the athlete to keep up to date and follow the information provided by the organization on their channels

For any information and inquiries you can write to info@chiantiultratrail.com

4.2 CANCELLATION AND REGISTRATION CONVERSION

In the event you are unable to participate, the cancellation must be communicated by e- mail to the address iscrizioni@toscanatiming.it

In case of failure to participate in the competition, the registration fees are not refundable under any circumstances.

However, the athlete who is unable to participate in the competition will be offered two alternatives (both provide a 10 € fee for secretarial fees):

A postponement of the registration fee to the following year is permitted if carried out before the 10th March 2021 sending an e-mail with the request to the address iscrizioni@toscanatiming.it is understood that the aforementioned fees will eventually be supplemented and that the registration will in any case be formalized with all the requisites required.

It is possible to replace the name of a party by 1st march 2021 by submitting the request via email to iscrizioni@toscanatiming.com enclosing all the master data required for registration, medical certificate and possession federal card, paying 10 euros for secretarial feels.

5 SEMI-AUTONOMY

Semi-autonomy is the principle according to which the athlete must be autonomous with regard to his/her own food and water supplies between one aid station and the next.

To support the athletes and to ensure their autonomy, the following points of support are provided, for more details see Section 10 of the Regulation "CONTROL POINTS, SUPPLY, CANCELLATIONS, SAFE POINT"

CUT:

5 refreshment points
1 life base and the arrival area in which the athletes will be able to find the delivered material

CMT:

3 refreshment points

Vistarenni area and starting/arrival Timing and assistance point

CST and CHT:

1 refreshment points
starting/arrival Timing and assistance point

Private and personal support of athletes is permitted only in the areas provided in the official refreshment points and is absolutely forbidden along the route and in points not indicated.

Any form of accompaniment or support for athletes on the course is also prohibited

6 REGISTRATION

The registration process will open on July 1st 2019 and close on March 15th 2021, unless the maximum number of participants is reached beforehand.

Registration mode.

- online: https://www.chiantiultratrail.com/en/registrations/, payable credit card, paypal, bank transfer, sofort system or by satispay.

- mail or fax: fill the from dowlodable at this link:https://www.chiantiultratrail.com/en/registrations/and send by mail at iscrizioni@toscanatiming.itor fax +39 0587240030 with attached the health form also dowlodable in the registration page and paymet receipt.

The payment must be made through the online service by credit card or by bank transfer. The payment must be made at the same time as submission of the registration form. If payment is not received within 5 days from when the form is submitted, the registration shall be deemed cancelled. Should, on verifying registration to the CUT race, the conditions for participation described in sect. 4.1 are not confirmed, the registration shall be considered null and void. To complete the registration, the medical certificate should be sent no later than March 15th 2021. Beyond this date and in the absence of the same, the athlete will not have the right to any refund.

The registration fees are:

CUT
From 01/09/2020 to 31/12/2020 - € 65,00
From 01/01/2021 to 20/02/2021 - € 70,00
Until 15/03/2021 - € 80,00

Includes:

- breastplate

- race pack with technical gadgets

- finisher award

- refreshments

- assistance along the route, at the ranks and at the end of the race

- Friday's or Saturday’s pasta party

CMT
From 01/07/2020 to 31/12/2020 - € 40,00
From 01/01/2021 to 20/02/2021 - € 45,00
Until 15/03/2021 - € 50,00
Includes:

- breastplate

- race pack with technical gadgets

- finisher award

- refreshments

- assistance along the route, at the ranks and at the end of the race

- Friday's or Saturday’s pasta party

CMT
From 01/07/2020 to 31/12/2020 - € 40,00
From 01/01/2021 to 20/02/2021 - € 45,00
Until 15/03/2021 - € 50,00
Includes:

- breastplate

- race pack with technical gadgets

- finisher award

- refreshments

- assistance along the route, at the ranks and at the end of the race

- Friday's or Saturday’s pasta party

CHT
From 01/07/2020 to 31/12/2020 - € 20,00
From 01/01/2021 to 20/02/2021 - € 25,00
Until 15/03/2021 - € 35,00

Includes:

- breastplate

- race pack with technical gadgets

- finisher awards

- refreshments

- assistance along the route, at the ranks and at the end of the race

CWR Run Walking Nordik Walking

From 01/07/2020 to 31/12/2020 - € 15,00

From 01/01/2021 to 20/02/2021 - € 20,00

Until 15/03/2021 - € 25,00

Includes:

- breastplate

- race pack with technical gadgets

- refreshments

- assistance along the route, at the ranks and at the end of the race

GROUP REGISTRATION QUOTES

For cumulative group registrations starting from 10 athletes (at least 8 subscribers for 42km and 73km)

the price remains blocked at the first step until 20/02/2021.

For groups sent a mail at iscrizioni@toscanatiming.it or fax 0587240030 payment copy, participants list of athletes in headed paper with the signed release form of the president of the company certifying that all registered athletes are in good standing with the membership and the health regulations in force.

Registration entitles participants to all the services set out in the rules.

The organisation reserves the right to change the times and price bands and set up and provide free offers and/or discounts.

7 MANDATORY EQUIPMENT

The following mandatory equipment will be randomly examined at the start area, mandatorily at the rest area and randomly at the arrivals area.

Trail sticks and backpack carried by the athlete on departure may not be abandoned, delivered to third parties or replaced throughout the course of the race. In case of replacement caused by force majeure will be mandatory to make in contact with the organization before proceeding; the organization will evaluate and grant or withhold the permission of replacement / change.

Mandatory Equipment:

cell phone with number communicated to the organisation
breastplate clearly visible throughout the duration of the race
personal cup (glasses are not provided for refreshments)
1 litre water container for CUT – 0,5 for CMT
head lamp with spare battery (CUT only)
whistle
Thermal coil
wind jacket

Further to the aforementioned articles, the following items are recommended:

−money for possible emergencies,
−trail running/trekking poles.
−suitable food supplies (for CUT e CMT)

In Chianti Short Trail is requested the following mandatory equipment:

mobile phone operating with the number given to the organization;
personal cup (glasses are not provided fro refreshment)

The organization decided not to indicate any other material but to empower the competitor informing him by the risks and dangers that may be incurred.

It remains mandatory for the athlete to evaluate the weather conditions and their psycho-physical abilities for participation in the races

8 BIB NUMBER

Confirmation of the on-line registration and the handing over of race bibs will take place at the race office. The race pectorals and the race pack shall be handed over at this location.

It will be possible to perform the registration procedure even by means of a delegated person, who will have to show a signed proxy document and his/her own valid identity

document, and a copy of the identity document of the person (or people) delegating and all the material indicated above.

The athletes (or delegates) must arrived equipped with:

an identity document with photo
the identification number assigned at the registration stage

the signed disclaimer

The race pectoral must be positioned on the stomach, chest or leg so that it is clearly visible, and so that it may be checked at any moment. The race bib allows access to the shuttles, refreshment points and any service for the athlete and the race bags that the athlete wishes to have available at the rest areas and/or at the finish line.

Participation in the official Briefing is not mandatory, but highly recommended. During this meeting further updates and details about the competition will be presented. .

The days and time of the Race Office, briefing and the times of handing back of the bags at the rest areas will be communicated by the official information organisations.

9 MEDICAL ASPECTS AND SAFETY MATTERS

Several first aid stations will be positioned along the course near the refreshment points, and these will be run by medical staff, volunteers.

The competitors agree to communicate any allergies or intolerances to medicines at the time of registration.

The medical staff in the first aid station have the unquestionable authority to hold athletes if their physical/mental condition is such that it is inappropriate for them to continue the race. Transfer to a better equipped facility will also be assessed.

Each runner is obliged by law (Failure to provide aid, art. 593 Penal Code) to provide assistance and help to any participant in a condition of difficulty he/she meets at the event, while, at the same time, warning the first aid stations.

The participants are reminded that carrying the mandatory equipment is also aimed at guaranteeing the safety of the competitors even in situations in which the rescue services are late in arriving.

In addition to first aid, other appropriate means may be required to ensure the safety of the person in question, including a rescue helicopter. This will be at the discretion of the organisation and in the interest of the injured person. Any expenses arising from these actions will be charged to the rescued person in accordance with current regulations ( ex: helicopter intervention, hospitalization with ambulance etc..)

A “sweep service” will be provided, and the sweepers will follow the course behind the last competitor, helping those who have dropped out and ensuring than any injured person is provided with aid.

10 CHECKPOINTS, REFRESHMENT POINTS, TIME BARRIERS, REST AREAS

10.1 CHECKPOINTS AND TIME BARRIERS

The timing service will be handled by Toscana Timing, the official MySDAM timer for Tuscany.

Each competitor will be equipped with a race bib with integrated electronic chip and a bag tag that allows visual and electronic spot checks to be carried out and permits identification of the runner during the race. The competitor is therefore obliged while he/she is in the race to ensure that these are always visible and to not leave these two identification devices anywhere.

At each official refreshment point, an optical/electronic reading will take place as the athlete passes through. He/she should assist with this operation.

The chip must be returned on arrival, under penalty of € 15,00

The loss of the chip will result in disqualification from the competition and a charge of 15 euros

The timing checkpoints will be: (Calculated at a speed of 5km/h)

San Polo – Refreshment point – 10:00 for CUT – 12:00 for CTM
Vistarenni – Refreshement point – 13:00 for CUT 15:00 for CMT 10:30 for CST and CHT
Castello d’Albola – Refreshement – 15:30 only for CUT
Volpaia – 18:30 only for CUT

Apart from the main timing checkpoints, all the refreshment points, and also other points along the official route that the organisation might deem strategic, are to be considered as checkpoints.

For the competitor to remain in the race, he must leave the checkpoint before the cut-off time in the rest area has passed. Participants who are eliminated at the timingcheckpoint must hand over their bib and, from that moment, are no longer considered to be in the running, and shall act, from that moment onwards, on their own responsibility,relieving every member of the organization of any responsibility.

The sweep service have the obligation to collect chips and bib numbers from all the athletes who decide to continue outside the maximum times.

After the maximum times the competitors will be deemed out of the race and assistance on the course will not be guaranteed.

If the athlete is passing through the control point out of maximum time, he will be stopped and returned to the start and finish area by the organization shuttle. Provided that he does not autonomously leave the competition route, in this case he will have to return independently under its own responsibility and return the chip and bib number.

The organisation may decide to change, add or remove the timing checkpoints at any moment, as state in point 2.1 of the rules.

10.2 REFRESHMENT POINT AND REST POINTS

ATTENTION: GLASSES ARE NOT PROVIDED FOR REFRESHMENTS

CUT:

Vagliagli - km 10,7
San Polo - km 21
Vistarenni - km 36
Castello di Albola - km 47
Volpaia – km 62

CMT:

Vagliagli - km 10,7
San Polo - km 21
Vistarenni - km 36

CST and CHT:

Vistarenni - km 9,1

Rest areas: CASTELLO D’ALBOLA, where the athletes will be able to pick up the material delivered to the organisation

11 DROP OFF

Except in the case of injury or accidents of a certain seriousness, the competitor can only drop out of the race on reaching the various refreshment points.

Return to the arrival point will be guaranteed as quickly as possible and only when the operation will not affect the assistance of athletes still in the race.

The competitor, once autonomously arrived at the closest refreshment point:

Must pass through the timing checkpoint;
Must go to the judge (Refreshment point contact person) and inform of his/her decision to withdraw

The Judge (Refreshment point contact person) will deal with:

Invalidate the barcode + chip from the race bib (leaving the race bib to the

competitor);

Inform as soon as possible the Race Office of the race bib number of the withdrawn competitor by telephone (better by text message) or by Radio.

After the withdrawal, or disqualification, the organization will take charge of the return of the athlete to Radda from the refreshment where the retreat took place by shattle service. The recovery times are subject to organizational and security times, therefore a return time cannot be defined.

The decision to going ahead on the race route will be the full and total responsibility of the individual athlete. In this case the organisation states that the athlete will not have the availability of the rescue service, the sweep service, the use of refreshment points, and cannot be held responsible under any circumstances for the athlete, third parties and/or equipment and items.

12 SIGNS

The Tracks will be marked out using fixed retro-reflective signs that are perfectly visible even at night or in conditions of poor visibility. The trail signs will be: yellow signs with black lettering and arrows, high visibily signal strips. Authorised staff will be present to point out the correct direction at junctions or intersections that are considered to be misleading by the organisation.

13 FINISH LINE

Once arrived on arrival, the athletes will have a small post-race refreshment and will have to immediately return the chip, under penalty of 15 euros

The finisher medal for all competitive distances will be delivered

14 RACE JUDGES

During the event, official staff (Chianti Live staff, refreshment staff, official medical staff, official first aid staff) will have the executive power to make checks and/or disqualify.

The duty of volunteers, as well as individual athletes, will be surveillance. In the event of breaches, it will be mandatory to inform Race Management or a member of official staff of such breach, providing as proof witnesses, photographic or video evidence.

Decisions will be taken by a committee composed of the following persons:

Safety officer
UISP competition judges
Course technical supervisor
Race Management

These figures will also have the power to accept, or not, any type of complaint according to UISP regolations.

15 OBSERVANCE OF THE RULES

To ensure that the rules are observed, the race judges will be authorised to make checks along the course.

These are the penalties for non-compliance or infringements.

Absence of mandatory equipment and water supplies on leaving the refreshment

Points- Disqualification

Not permitting checks by the judges-Disqualification
Assistance outside the official refreshment points- Disqualification
Taking short cuts- Disqualification
Failure to pass through a checkpoint-Disqualification
Leaving refuse outside the refreshment points- Disqualification
Lack of assistance to the person in difficulty along the course -Disqualification
Lack of respect, loyalty or solidarity towards other athletes- Disqualification
Athlete out of time - Disqualification

The race judges will also be able to disqualify competitors after viewing photos or videos

that they have received after the race has ended.

Appeals cannot be made against the decisions.

16 COMPLAINT

All complaints must be delivered to the organising committee within two hours following arrival at the finish line; they must be written and handed over with a deposit of 50 euros.

This amount will not be returned if the complaint is not accepted.

17 ANTI DOPING

At their discretion, the organisers have the power to make checks to ascertain the use of doping substances. Failure to give consent to these tests will be considered proof of use of prohibited substances, and will result in disqualification.

18 CHANGES TO THE COURSE, SHORTENING OF THE COURSE, CHANGES TO TIME BARRIERS, START TIMES, CANCELLATION OF THE RACE

The race judges have the power to decide at any moment before or during the race, whenever conditions are such that the safety of the athletes, volunteers or staff is put at risk or they compromise regular performance of the event, to change previous communications in terms of rules. They may also decide change the official times previously communicated, temporarily or definitively suspend the race and/or consider a more suitable place as the finishing line.

Refunds are not envisaged in the event, due to an unsafe path, the course is changed by the organisation within 1st Feb 2021, meaning it is shortened or the elevation gain is reduced by less than 30%. Should the changes be greater than this, a refund of 50% will be paid minus administration fees.

In the event of particular and harsh weather conditions, the race judges may decide to delay the start of CUT and CMT for a maximum of 3 hours, communicating the change in time-control barriers. Over three hours, the race shall be considered cancelled.

In the event the race is cancelled before 1st February 2021, the organisation reserves the right to pay back the registration fee in part, detracting pro rata the expenses sustained up to that time for organisation of the event. In the event the race is cancelled after 1st February 2021 the organisation not to give any refunds and carry the registration over to the next event.

19 INSURANCE

Liability: The organization subscribes to civil liability insurance throughout the period of the event. The organization advises each participant to have their own personal insurance covering participation in events of this type, covering incident, travel and evacuation costs.

Each runner must provide minimum assistance to those in need during the race but without moving people with suspected fractures and calling for relief.

All helicopter and vehicle emergency response costs are excluded from insurance coverage

20 RANKING AND AWARDS

All competitors arriving in Radda in Chianti or one of the finish lines set up arbitrarily by Race Management, after passing through all the checkpoints present along the course within the time limit will be classified.

Each athlete that crosses the official line within the time limit will be considered a “finisher”.The official finish line may be changed due to force majeure by Race Management during the event. A “finisher” prize will be given to all at the finish line.

NO MONEY AWARD ARE PROVIDED

The top 3 men will be awarded and the top 3 women in the standings of each race.

The top 3 will be awarded in each race:

M < = 40

40 > M < = 50

M > 50

F < = 40

F > 40

21 PROGRAM AND TIMES

For the departure times, award ceremonies and side events, the official program web page applies.

The organization can also change the times and the program according to its own needs, unquestionably, during the event.

22 IMAGE RIGHTS

By taking part in Chianti Ultra Trail races the competitors authorise the organisation and its partners to use their photo for disclosure and promotional aims, waiving in this way all personal rights.